Templates promise a shortcut. Then you spend three hours bending your actual business into someone else's boxes and rows. Congrats, you've saved like zero time!

Abacum's new AI Spaces skips that bad trade. Prompt it, or pick a starting point - either way you get a full board-ready dashboard or planning workspace in minutes, built on your model. Your variables. Your versions. Your dimensions. Not a generic template you then have to rewire.

It's not just about doing things "faster." (Although it is nice to not let formatting eat your afternoon.) It’s so when the board asks for a new cut on the spot, you're spending your time on the variance story and the recommendation.

That's the job they're actually paying you for.

Domo? The Post Operating SPAC?

I once sold substantially all of my baseball cards to Jeff Collins in seventh grade, excluding my Honus Wagner.

Just when you think you’ve seen it all!

Friend of the pod (Tim Dillon voice) Dave Kellogg sent me down a deep, dark M&A rabbit hole with this tweet.

From the actual press release:

Progress Software Corporation (NASDAQ: PRGS) (“Progress”) will acquire substantially all of the assets and employees, excluding the Company’s net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards, and assume certain liabilities of the Company for $400 million in cash, subject to customary purchase price adjustments. At the closing of the transaction, the Company will have net cash of approximately $246 million, or $4.84 per share, representing an 81% premium to the 30-day volume weighted average price, as well as more than $900 million of NOL carryforwards.

TL;DR:

  • Domo is selling its ~$318M run rate book of biz + tech + employees in an asset deal

    • The price is $400M in cash (technically $355M after adjustments)

    • At that price it pencils to about 1.1x or 1.25x current revenue (also forward revenue, since it ain't growing)

  • The company itself (because it was an asset deal, not a stock deal) will remain publicly listed

    • So a private company could 'go public' by acquiring what's left

  • They are NOT selling their net operating losses

    • These have a tax benefit to whoever controls them

  • They will leave cash on the balance sheet

    • So there’s a balance sheet you can acquire but no P&L, bc, like, there are no operations

It’s reminiscent of a SPAC in many ways, but with a balance sheet that came from someone else, rather than your investors.

And instead of raising money and then looking for a business to buy like you would in a typical SPAC, you can move into a vacant West Palm Beach home with cash, a NASDAQ ticker, and relatively valuable tax assets looking for a profit to offset.

How do we value this?

To Dave’s point, the cash is easy to value. In this case, a dollar is truly worth a dollar.

But NOLs are much more difficult to value.

An NOL works like a coupon for future taxes. You can only redeem it if you have profits to redeem it against. And remember, Domo just sold the business that was supposed to (eventually) make profits.

At time of sale they had $900M in historical losses (they have a history of incinerating money), and if you assume a marginal corporate tax rate of about 21% you get to $189M in future tax savings.

BUT it’s actually less than that.

In a stock sale, shareholders sell their shares directly. The corporation itself owes nothing, and the money goes straight to the sellers.

In an asset sale, the corporation sells its stuff. The corporation recognizes a taxable gain, pays corporate tax on it, and only what survives that tax bill is left inside the company for shareholders.

This is the path Domo is taking. So the entity that’s left (the empty publicly traded shell) owes tax on the gain from what’s being sold to Progress.

My estimate is that something like $350M of the $900M in losses gets burned sheltering the asset sale gain, which means the shell ends up with closer to $550M. Plus, the exact figure depends on Domo's basis, which isn't public yet.

(Also, if you are into NOLs I’ve got a whole whack of carbon credits I’d love to sell you.)

And what’s more, they have to find a business that generates profits, not revenue, to use these NOLs. So it’s not like you walk in on day one with something to gain. You need to work for it, and run a profitable business.

Domo's losses come in two vintages and both have a catch:

  • The newer ones never expire but only cover 80% of any single year's profit (capped).

  • The older ones cover all of it but expire on a schedule that started running a long time ago.

The market voted (and will keep voting, because it's a publicly traded discarded mollusk shell) that the NOLs are worth less than nothing. About 48 million shares at Friday's $3.68 close gets you $177M of market cap, against $246M of cash that lands when the deal closes…. (checks math)… actually, they’re not paying for the tax assets at all. They're marking them at negative $69M, effectively charging you rent to hold this thing while it trades below its own cash value. Nice.

Admittedly, some of that gap is the market discounting a deal that hasn't closed yet. And some of it is a shrug at $900M of losses nobody knows how to use.

How would I use it?

What will they do with the shell?

This part’s fun! A choose your own adventure of sorts!

  • Park it and collect interest: $246M in treasuries throws off about $11M of taxable interest a year, fully sheltered by the losses, saving maybe $2M annually

  • Buy a small cash cow: What can you buy for $246M? Well, it has to be profitable to be worth it. And it can’t be capex intensive because depreciation will shelter more income from NOLs. So maybe something throwing off $25M to $35M of pretax income. Fill in your favorite vertical software or insurance brokerage lol.

  • Reverse merger with a profitable private company: Counterintuitively this would be the fastest path to destroying the asset that we’re talking about using. If you turn over more than 50% of your shareholders, something called Section 382 that I learned about seven minutes ago rations you to roughly 4.5% of the company's value per year, which on this shell is about $11M. Worse, once ownership changes and you're no longer running the business that made the losses, the allowance can go to zero, and Domo just sold that business to Progress.

  • Rights offering, then buy something bigger: This calls for raising from existing holders. BC pro rata doesn't shift ownership percentages, it dodges 382 and gives them more to spend. If they're serious about the tax assets rather than the optics, this would show their hand (calling up Blackrock… ‘Hey, so you guys gam-?’ phone clicks)

  • Give the Money Back: My original bet was to give the money back, though the poison pill in place argues against me. Plus, it would be weird to adopt a tax benefits preservation plan on the way to writing a liquidating check. That’s a lot of work for nothing.

My money is on the Rights offering to buy something bigger and do some kabooky AI service move with a slow moving, headcount heavy, profitable company. Call it Domo’s AI enabled Post Operating SPAC ACT II.

The Mother of All Deal Inventions

Fascinatingly enough, the corn husk is worth about seventy cents for every dollar Progress just paid for the operations and assets of the company

That's the world we're living in, where the remains of a SaaS company fetches most of what the actual business fetched. Probably because it loses money (negative ~10% GAAP EBITDA and negative ~15% GAAP operating margins). Private equity looked at 13 straight quarters of flat revenue + continuing losses and threw its hands up and said even I can’t fix this.

When it comes to historical precedent, I found fewer than 10 examples, and the stories can be characterized by long waits and bankruptcies (and an absence of tech). Washington Mutual is the closest comp. And it sat empty for a decade before turning into Mr. Cooper in 2018.

It’s clear that the AI boom is the mother of many deal inventions. We saw a wave of acquihires that were more lucrative than any sort of tech business purchases we’d been familiar with (that’s just how valuable AI engineers are). And now on the downswing we are seeing a new flavor of deals for the victims of the AI boom.

Net net: When business is great, there are new, creative deals. When business is bad, there are new, creative deals.

This company in particular was a zombie before AI showed up. It was never being run like a serious business with a mission to eventually profit. So AI didn’t cause its death as much as created a funding environment that slowly strangles poorly run companies, pushing them faster to an inevitable death (also, see Marqeta).

Thirteen flat quarters is a very serious business problem, which eventually becomes a very serious solvency problem when you have debt. Last quarter $137M of debt jumped from long term to current, and whiffs of going concern language started to show up in their filings. So this was a move against the clock as much as it was against a stagnant revenue line.

In all honesty, the ref should have stopped this fight two rounds ago.

This is not a death caused by AI, but hastened. There will be more, and they will be direct knockouts to game opponents, not side swipes to an already wobbling pugilist.

Weekly Valuation and Efficiency Metrics

Revenue Multiples

Revenue multiples are a shortcut to compare valuations across the technology landscape, where companies may not yet be profitable. The most standard timeframe for revenue multiple comparison is on a “Next Twelve Months” (NTM Revenue) basis.

NTM is a generous cut, as it gives a company “credit” for a full “rolling” future year. It also puts all companies on equal footing, regardless of their fiscal year end and quarterly seasonality.

However, not all technology sectors or monetization strategies receive the same “credit” on their forward revenue, which operators should be aware of when they create comp sets for their own companies. That is why I break them out as separate “indexes”.

Reasons may include:

  • Recurring mix of revenue

  • Stickiness of revenue

  • Average contract size

  • Cost of revenue delivery

  • Criticality of solution

  • Total Addressable Market potential

From a macro perspective, multiples trend higher in low interest environments, and vice versa.

Multiples shown are calculated by taking the Enterprise Value / NTM revenue.

Enterprise Value is calculated as: Market Capitalization + Total Debt - Cash

Market Cap fluctuates with share price day to day, while Total Debt and Cash are taken from the most recent quarterly financial statements available. That’s why we share this report each week - to keep up with changes in the stock market, and to update for quarterly earnings reports when they drop.

Historically, a 10x NTM Revenue multiple has been viewed as a “premium” valuation reserved for the best of the best companies.

Efficiency

Companies that can do more with less tend to earn higher valuations.

Three of the most common and consistently publicly available metrics to measure efficiency include:

CAC Payback Period: How many months does it take to recoup the cost of acquiring a customer?

CAC Payback Period is measured as Sales and Marketing costs divided by Revenue Additions, and adjusted by Gross Margin.

Here’s how I do it:

  • Sales and Marketing costs are measured on a TTM basis, but lagged by one quarter (so you skip a quarter, then sum the trailing four quarters of costs). This timeframe smooths for seasonality and recognizes the lead time required to generate pipeline.

  • Revenue is measured as the year-on-year change in the most recent quarter’s sales (so for Q2 of 2024 you’d subtract out Q2 of 2023’s revenue to get the increase), and then multiplied by four to arrive at an annualized revenue increase (e.g., ARR Additions).

  • Gross margin is taken as a % from the most recent quarter (e.g., 82%) to represent the current cost to serve a customer

  • Revenue per Employee: On a per head basis, how much in sales does the company generate each year? The rule of thumb is public companies should be doing north of $450k per employee at scale. This is simple division. And I believe it cuts through all the noise - there’s nowhere to hide.

Revenue per Employee is calculated as: (TTM Revenue / Total Current Employees)

  • Rule of 40: How does a company balance topline growth with bottom line efficiency? It’s the sum of the company’s revenue growth rate and EBITDA Margin. Netting the two should get you above 40 to pass the test.

Rule of 40 is calculated as: TTM Revenue Growth % + TTM Adjusted EBITDA Margin %

A few other notes on efficiency metrics:

  • Net Dollar Retention is another great measure of efficiency, but many companies have stopped quoting it as an exact number, choosing instead to disclose if it’s above or below a threshold once a year. It’s also uncommon for some types of companies, like marketplaces, to report it at all.

  • Most public companies don’t report net new ARR, and not all revenue is “recurring”, so I’m doing my best to approximate using changes in reported GAAP revenue. I admit this is a “stricter” view, as it is measuring change in net revenue.

OPEX

Decreasing your OPEX relative to revenue demonstrates Operating Leverage, and leaves more dollars to drop to the bottom line, as companies strive to achieve +25% profitability at scale.

The most common buckets companies put their operating costs into are:

  • Cost of Goods Sold: Customer Support employees, infrastructure to host your business in the cloud, API tolls, and banking fees if you are a FinTech.

  • Sales & Marketing: Sales and Marketing employees, advertising spend, demand gen spend, events, conferences, tools.

  • Research & Development: Product and Engineering employees, development expenses, tools.

  • General & Administrative: Finance, HR, and IT employees… and everything else. Or as I like to call myself “Strategic Backoffice Overhead.”

All of these are taken on a Gaap basis and therefore INCLUDE stock based comp, a non cash expense.

Companies Included

1. Security & Identity (16 companies) Endpoint, network, IAM, security operations. The CISO budget.

CrowdStrike, Palo Alto Networks, Fortinet, Cloudflare, Zscaler, Okta, SentinelOne, SailPoint, Check Point, Qualys, Tenable, Rapid7, Varonis, Rubrik, Mitek, OneSpan

2. Data & AI Infrastructure (12 companies) Modern data stack, AI/ML platforms, vector and analytics infra, GPU compute. Software-native by design.

Snowflake, Arista Networks, Equinix, CoreWeave, MongoDB, DigitalOcean, Elastic, Akamai, Fastly, Teradata, C3.ai, Cerebras

3. Dev Tools & Observability (10 companies) Anything bought out of the engineering budget.

Datadog, Atlassian, Figma, Dynatrace, Nutanix, GitLab, UiPath, JFrog, AvePoint, PagerDuty

4. Horizontal SaaS & Back Office (18 companies) Software sold across industries to ops, HR, finance, and collaboration teams. Not vertical-specific.

Oracle, ServiceNow, Workday, ADP, Paychex, Paycom, Paylocity, Zoom, DocuSign, Navan, monday.com, Asana, Workiva, BlackLine, RingCentral, 8x8, Box, Dropbox

5. GTM (MarTech & SalesTech) (18 companies) Anything bought out of the revenue org. Marketing automation, sales engagement, CRM, ad tech, customer experience.

Salesforce, Adobe, HubSpot, The Trade Desk, Twilio, Klaviyo, Braze, ZoomInfo, Freshworks, Amplitude, Semrush, Five9, Zeta Global, Wix, Sprout Social, ON24, Yext, Criteo

6. Vertical SaaS (15 companies) Software built for a specific industry without take-rate or transaction economics.

Palantir, Autodesk, Veeva, Samsara, ServiceTitan, Guidewire, Tyler Technologies, Doximity, Procore, AppFolio, CCC Intelligent Solutions, Blackbaud, nCino, CareCloud, CS Disco

7. Take-Rate Platforms (18 companies) Marketplaces and commerce platforms that earn money on transaction volume.

Uber, Airbnb, Shopify, MercadoLibre, DoorDash, eBay, Zillow, CarGurus, Instacart, Etsy, Toast, Lyft, Opendoor, StubHub, Upwork, Coursera, Ethos, Fiverr

8. Payments & Money Movement (10 companies) The rails. Payment processors, payment infrastructure, B2B payments, treasury. Volume game, utility margins.

Intuit, Fiserv, Adyen, PayPal, Block, Shift4, BILL, Flywire, Marqeta, Lightspeed

9. Consumer Fintech, Lending & Crypto (15 companies) The front-end. Consumer-facing financial apps, BNPL, lending platforms, crypto exchanges. CAC-driven, marketing-heavy, totally different unit economics from #8.

Coinbase, Robinhood, SoFi, Chime, Affirm, Upstart, Circle, Bullish, Figure, Klarna, Sezzle, Gemini, Blend, Remitly, LendingClub

Please check out our data partner, Koyfin. It’s dope.

Wishing you trade at a high revenue and EBITDA multiple,

CJ

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